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First published posthumously in 1779, "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion" is Scottish philosopher David Hume's classic work of religious philosophy. This detailed and exhaustive examination of the nature and existence of God was begun by Hume in 1750, but not completed until shortly before his death in 1776. Hume was an important and influential English Empiricist, along with other English philosophers such as Francis Bacon, John Locke, and Thomas...
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Published in 1878, this volume of popular history was intended to bring Islam and Mohammed to a Christian audience. The book opens with a general review of Arab history, then moves on to Mohammed's birth and biography, the birth of Islam, and the reach of the religion.
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This earnest 1891 scholarly work by a renowned Biblical expert stood for many years as a standard handbook on the Jewish faith, rites, and ceremonies. The author discusses how ancient Jewish traditions, such as dietary laws, fit into the modern world, and guides the reader through some of the Old Testament's more ambiguous passages.
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First delivered as a series of eight lectures at Oxford University, this 1899 volume in defense of the Christian faith, "to confute all heretics and schismatics," is based on nature and reason rather than signs and wonders. Mysticism is defined here as the realization-both mental and physical-of the presence of God. Included here are chapters, "The Mystical Element in the Bible," "Practical and Devotional Mysticism," "Nature-Mysticism and Symbolism,"...
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Powys sought the simple life in rural England. This collection of musings on philosophy and religion reflect an unconventional, searching mind. Blending Christianity with Nietzsche, he declared himself "sometimes a Christian and sometimes a heathen." His pessimistic brand of Christianity embraces death as "God's best gift-the great inaction...eternal peace."
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An excellent introduction to the faiths of Chinese civilization, Religions of Ancient China surveys the earliest Chinese creation myths, the religious ventures of philosophers and emperors 5,000 years ago, the "benevolent agnosticism" of Confucianism, the "doctrine of inaction" of Taoism, and the sophisticate metaphysics of Buddhism.
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This 1874 work considers the earliest deity, Baal, the prevalence of phallic worship in many ancient cultures, ancient views of nature and fertility, the phallus as a revered symbol and charm against evil, the phallus' role in fertility and licentiousness, circumcision, serpent symbolism associated with phallic worship, and more.
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Covering the five thousand years after the dawn of history, the pioneer Assyriologist illuminates the polytheistic beliefs of the people of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in this 1906 work. He shows that polytheism gradually became "leavened" with Judaism, paving the way for the adoption of belief in a single God.
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The author, an expert in the Icelandic language and its rousing rìmur (epic poetry), traces Aryan myth and legend back to its roots-most of which was suppressed by the early Christians. Here are tales of Thor, Odin, and other gods, their objects of worship, temples, images, rites, secrets, and more.
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"Ireland, whether viewed from an antiquarian or an ethnological point of view, is one of the most interesting countries in the world." So begins James Bonwick's fascinating study of the mysterious and mystical Druids of Ireland and unprejudiced examination the ancient religions of the Emerald Isle.
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This edition includes a modern introduction and a list of suggested further reading. More than four centuries have passed since Teresa of Avila's birth in Spain, and she is still celebrated as one of the world's great spiritual teachers. Her endearing human qualities, mystical insights, love for God, and refreshing candor all contribute to her legacy as a cartographer of the soul and a master of contemplative prayer. Her mystical writings are well...
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Nature and the Supernatural (1858), subtitled "As Together Constituting The One System of God," is Bushnell's sweeping discussion of creation, miracles, and the supernatural aspects of humanity. Opposed to the contemporary conceptions of religion as science, Bushnell attempts to restore religion to the realm of the supernatural, as he defines it in this volume.
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The author of this 1902 meditation on Christianity asserts the religion could not exist without the personal charisma of the historical Jesus, and would have ceased to exist without the metaphysical view of Christ. Influenced by Hegel and other modern thinkers, Fairbairn expresses his reaction to the intellectual ferment of his times.
74) Early Buddhism
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Published in 1908, this history of early Buddhism traces the evolution of the religion from its origins in the myths of the Vedic gods to the advent of the Buddha and the incorporation of such doctrines as the transmigration of souls and karma.
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James George Frazer attempted to define the shared elements of religious belief and scientific thought, discussing fertility rites, human sacrifice, the dying god, the scapegoat, and many other symbols and practices whose influences had extended into 20th-century culture. His thesis is that old religions were fertility cults that revolved around the worship and periodic sacrifice of a sacred king. Frazer proposed that mankind progresses from magic...
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When he wrote this book, Chesterton stood virtually alone against the intellectual world of his day. Yet to his eternal credit, he showed no sign of being intimidated by the prestige of his foes. On the contrary, he thunders against eugenics, ranking it one of the great evils of modern society. And, in perhaps one of the most chillingly accurate prophecies of the century, he warns that the ideas that eugenics had unleashed were likely to bear bitter...
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"At the present moment two things about the Christian religion must surely be clear to anybody with eyes in his head. One is, that men cannot do without it; the other, that they cannot do with it as it is." In this towering 1875 work, Arnold grapples with the problem of finding religious meaning in a scientific age.
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Published in 1870, this volume contains the essays "St. Paul and Protestantism," "Puritanism and the Church of England," "Modern Dissent," and "A Comment on Christmas." "Hardly, perhaps," wrote Arnold, "can there be at present attempted a more beneficial service to religion, than the true criticism of this great and misunderstood author."
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This 1877 volume contains one of Arnold's most scathing attacks on the established church, "The Church of England." He berates the clergy for championing the interests of the wealthy and powerful and neglecting the poor and downtrodden. The essay was originally delivered as an address to the London clergy.
80) Christianity and Positivism: A Series of Lectures to the Times on Natural Theology and Apologetics
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Like many religious thinkers of his time, the author sought to reconcile Christianity and evolution. As expressed in this 1871 collection, his argument-that evolution glorifies the divine designer-was popular among Presbyterian clergy. Divided into three sections "Christianity and Physical Science," "Christianity and Mental Science," and "Christianity and Historical Investigation" this volume is quite open-minded for its era.
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