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What defines a citizen? Who can become one? Does the creation of new citizens benefit a country or threaten it? All democracies grapple with questions about who should or should not become citizens of their countries. But not all countries answer these questions in the same ways. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist ideology in 1991, democracy has been touted as...
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Criminal justice issues-including the use of force by police, fairness in trials and sentencing, and equal treatment of minority groups-are some of the most contentious debates of our time. How do we balance respect the need for safe streets and homes with the need to respect the rights of the accused? Different democracies approach these questions in vastly different ways. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe. Since the...
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Abraham Lincoln noted that governments should be "of the people, by the people, [and] for the people." And yet, female citizens have often found that they are not as well served as men. Efforts to bring fair treatment to all people regardless of their gender or orientation are an important part of making democracy work for everyone. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist...
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The rights to free speech and expression are a vital part of any democracy. Balancing these rights with other priorities-such as national defense and the protection of minorities-is an ongoing struggle both in the United States and in democracies across the globe. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist ideology in 1991, democracy has been touted as the only real answer...
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The right of citizens to play a role in political decision-making is fundamental to democracy. And yet, it took many decades of struggle for the vote to be extended to everyone-and controversies about voting rights continue to rage today. Democracies across the globe also struggle with issues such as voter ID laws, voter apathy, and how to avoid the so-called "tyranny of the majority." The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe....
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Corruption has been a feature of governments throughout history, and it remains a problem today. Eliminating-or at least reducing-corruption is an important part of making the political process function on behalf of regular citizens. Accountability and openness, also called transparency, is a key feature of all functioning democracies. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and its...
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Striking a balance between the right of corporations to earn a profit with the rights of the people they employ is a key struggle in any democracy. The challenges are many, from fair and equal pay to workplace safety, and from hiring discrimination to protection from unjust firing. This book explores these issues and the various solutions that have been found by the world's democracies. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe....
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The world's first democracy, the United States, was founded in large part as a reaction against religious oppression. So it's no surprise that the protection of rights to religious and cultural beliefs and practices are cornerstones of democratic societies. And yet, even in our heterogeneous world, protections for ethnic and religious minorities can seem fragile at best. The benefits of democracy can be found in every part of the globe. Since the...
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Laws and regulations affect nearly every aspect of our daily lives: the food we buy, the homes and apartments we live in, the roads we drive on, and even the ways we use our smartphones. Yet for many Americans, the process of how laws are made remains a mystery-something that happens far off in Washington, D.C., behind closed doors and away from the public. This book helps clarify that process by taking you on the journey of a law from its introduction...
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How did large, complex states develop from small clans and nomadic tribes? How have rulers throughout history justified their right to govern? What ideas and events shaped the development of modern forms of government? The Evolution of Government answers these and other important questions, providing an overview of the many different types of governments that human societies have created, as well as advantages and disadvantages to each of these political...
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Perhaps one of the most well-known aspects of the UN's work is humanitarian relief-from providing food, health care, and education when lives have been disrupted, to addressing the needs of children, especially through UNICEF, and assisting refugees in conflict zones. Humanitarian Relief and Lending a Hand will provide students with a thorough understanding of the many ways the UN performs this vital function.
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During the 20th century, communism was one of the world's dominant forms of government. During the late 1980s, communist regimes held power across much of Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of Africa. By the early 1990s, however, most of the communist regimes had been replaced. Today only China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam operate under communist political systems. This book explores the principles that underpin communism, and examines the way...
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This book honors the ordinary Americans who have sworn to defend their country as members of the National Guard. The role of the "citizen-soldier" is enshrined in U.S. tradition, dating back to the militias first formed by settlers in the 17th century. That same spirit of community self-defense would inspire the Minutemen, who, more than 100 years later, would rise up against the British to help establish the world's greatest democracy. Since then,...
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In this volume, terrorism is explored in the context of the UN's international peace and security policies. From the response to the September 11, 2011, terrorist attacks in the United States, to the exploits of Boko Haram and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria-students will gain a thorough understanding of the UN's role in the prevention of terrorism and its response to the devastation when it happens.
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In the turbulent years after World War I, a new type of governing philosophy known as fascism emerged in a handful of countries-most notably in Italy under Benito Mussolini and in Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Fascism denied that individuals had any rights the state was bound to respect. It demanded that citizens blindly obey their leader. It glorified violence. It promised to purify a degraded culture and restore the nation to greatness....
16) The Presidency
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Few public offices are as storied as the U.S. presidency. From its inception in the 18th century and the first president, George Washington, through the turbulence of the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln's masterful statesmanship, to twentieth-century leaders who steered America onto the world stage, the president is responsible for communicating the national mission. It is a job with great power that comes with many challenges. The president may be...
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The U.S. Army is the most powerful military force on Earth. Every hour of every day it guards the United States and its citizens at home and abroad, ready to respond to any emergency with its elite personnel, hi-tech equipment, and massive firepower. This book explores how the U.S. Army defends freedom and democracy around the world. Since its creation, the Army has proved itself fighting wars as well as keeping the peace by deterring aggression....
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In a dictatorship, an individual or a small group wield power without legal or constitutional constraints. There are many types of dictators. Some are military officers who overthrow an elected government. Others are democratically elected politicians who, once in office, decide to do away with democracy in order to remain in power. Some dictators use their power to transform society, while others try to prevent social or political change. This book...
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As the seat of power in the United Nations, the Security Council and its five permanent members have influence in every corner of the globe. Through an investigation into the Security Council's history and role at the UN, profiles of the five permanent members, and criticisms concerning it, students will understand how this central part of the United Nations wields so much power in the world.
20) The Senate
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As the upper chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate has a long and storied history. Its members serve for six-year terms and are responsible for confirming presidential appointments, ratifying treaties, and other high-profile assignments. The Senate also reviews legislation sent up by the House of Representatives. George Washington described the Senate as a "cooling saucer" where pending legislation could "cool" before being turned into...
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