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"Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious" is Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic examination of what makes something funny. From the father of psychoanalysis we get an interesting argument that at the heart of humor is the need to satisfy ones unconscious desires. Freud explains through numerous examples how jokes allow us a release from our inhibitions and provide significant satisfaction of the desire for pleasure. Building upon his earlier work, The...
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Influenced by the writings of William James, this sweeping 1911 survey by a pioneer in the new science of psychology ventures into the uncharted territory of faith. The author's discussion encompasses the sense of self, conflict, rites and ceremonies, action and passivity, the place of belief, images of the divine, and much more-attempting to explain the conflicts and forces of religion and how they affect thought.
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These essays, or "pamphlets," published in 1850, are a vehement denunciation of what Thomas Carlyle believed to be the political, social, and religious injustices of the era. The collection's best known essay is "Hudson's Statue," an attack on plans to erect a monument in honor of the bankrupted financier and "railway king" George Hudson.
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Published in 1901, this guidebook was intended to place "before teachers and others who have to do with children some facts concerning the bodily and mental lives of children." In the form of notes, Thorndike discusses topics such as "The Physical Growth of Children," "Learned Reactions," "The Emotional Life of Children," and "Adolescence."
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Asserting that "the supreme need of our time is social sanity," the author of this influential 1922 work of sociology asks: How are farmers different from city people? What are the environmental factors that shape perceptions and behavior? He analyzes the rural mind in detail, documenting its importance to the national character.
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Going against the grain of capitalism, and advocating an economy founded on the Christian principles of honor, justice, and charity, the author, one of the most influential minds of the Victorian era, offers the essays "The Roots of Honour," "The Veins of Wealth," "Qui Judicatis Terram," and "Ad Valorem."
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Henry George's 1879 treatise on the cyclical nature of modern industrialized economies, and possible remedies for the resulting imbalances and inequities, was immensely influential. It gave rise to the idea that the economic value of land would accrue equally to all, enticing landowners to use their land productively.
9) A Practical View of the Prevailing Religious System of Professed Christians, in the Middle and Highe
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William Wilberforce's book shook England's Christians from their spiritual slumber. He called them "nominal" Christians who were failing to live a Christian life and were only too content with being Christian in name only. A classic when published, this influential book challenges readers to center their life on Christ's work and teachings.
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Lloyd's 1881 exposé of the Standard Oil Company in the Atlantic Monthly forms the core of Wealth Against Commonwealth, a full-length indictment of John D. Rockefeller and his oil company-calling them prototypes of the industrial monopolies he felt were corrupting American liberty. Appealing to the intellectual elite of America, Lloyd converted his audience to a loose yet determined ideology of democratic brotherhood.
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Published in 1913, this volume applies the latest psychological theories and results to the situations of everyday life with the aim of better explaining both to a lay audience. Chapters, many taken from public addresses or periodicals, are "Play," "Serviceable Memory," "Mental Efficiency," "Mental Health," "Mental Law," "Law in Illusion," and "Mental Measurement."
12) Woman and Labor
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Published in 1911, this penetrating analysis of gender inequality is also a full-throated demand for equal treatment of the sexes and the rights of women. As remarkable as the book itself is the fact that Schreiner reconstructed it from memory after all her notes were lost in a fire.
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Written for newlyweds-but also addressing the general reader-and published when accurate information about sex wasn't widely available, this frank 1919 guide was ahead of its time. Subtitled "Some Things That All Sane People Ought to Know about Sex Nature and Sex Functioning, Its Place in the Economy of Life, Its Proper Training and Righteous Exercise," the book removed much of the stigma from discussions of sex and the body.
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This 1918 volume is concerned, as the author writes in his preface, "with the interaction of our logical and psychological nature" to create belief and conviction. Numerous case studies are included to illustrate the author's arguments. Chapters include "Belief and Credulity," "The Will to Believe in the Supernatural," "The Psychology of Indulgence: Alcohol and Tobacco," and "The Feminine Mind."
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Wells's essay "The Past and the Great State" kicks off this multi-author volume making the basic case for socialism. Contributors consider a wide range of subjects in the light of socialism, including democracy, education, health and medicine, the arts, law, science, religion, work, the countryside, and the role of women. Among the thirteen contributors are Roger Fry, Herbert Trench, and Cecil Chesterton.
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In 1920 Russell traveled to Russia with a British delegation and met Lenin. Unlike many of his companions, he was disturbed by Lenin's personality and the brutal and cultish aspects of Bolshevism-as well as by the executioners' rifle shots, heard late at night. Here is the first-hand account of a clear thinker's disillusionment.
17) Sex Education
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Historian Mandell Creighton's biography of Queen Elizabeth follows her life from her youth through the problems of her reign, her relationship with Mary Stuart, her excommunication, the Alencon marriage, and her later years. A vivid portrait of a complex person, Creighton states this to be a "sketch of the life of Elizabeth as plainly as possible. I have endeavored to illustrate a character rather than to write the history of a time."
18) Ann Veronica
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Ann Veronica is a New Woman novel by H.G. Wells. Ann Veronica describes the rebellion of Ann Veronica Stanley, "a young lady of nearly two-and-twenty," against her middle-class father's stern patriarchal rule. The novel dramatizes the contemporary problem of the New Woman. It is set in Victorian era London and environs, except for an Alpine excursion. Ann Veronica offers vignettes of the Women's suffrage movement in Great Britain and features a chapter...
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John Dewey (1859-1952) is an American philosopher and psychologist most notably remembered for his theories on progressive education. He grew up in the rapidly industrializing town of Burlington, Vermont, where he was able to witness increasing social and economic division of the classes. Although he displayed little vivacity or imagination as a child, he was immensely analytical and spent years teaching and writing on a wide range of philosophical...
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This famous study - one of the most influential in the area of American economic history - brought a halt to Americans' uncritical reverence for their country's revolutionary past. Questioning the Founding Fathers' motivations in drafting the Constitution, it viewed the results as a product of economic self-interest. Perhaps the most controversial books of its time.
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